AAA Cyber Framework
005_Authentication Authorization Accounting SY0-701 - 1.2
The AAA Cyber Framework is a widely used approach in cybersecurity and IT for managing access control and ensuring security within systems. It stands for Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting, providing a structured way to manage and secure networked environments.
1. Authentication
Definition: Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, device, or system attempting to access a resource. It ensures that the entity is who it claims to be.
Key Concepts:
- Identification: The user or device provides credentials (e.g., a username, ID number).
- Verification: The system checks the credentials against a database or authentication mechanism (e.g., password matching, biometric scanning).
Examples of Authentication Methods:
- Passwords, PINs
- Biometrics (fingerprint, facial recognition)
- Security tokens or smart cards
- Multi-factor authentication (MFA)
2. Authorization
Definition: Authorization determines what actions or resources a user or device is allowed to access after authentication is successful. It enforces policies and rules about permissions.
Key Concepts:
- Access Control Lists (ACLs): Define what users or systems can access and what operations they can perform.
- Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): Assigns permissions based on user roles within the organization.
- Principle of Least Privilege: Ensures users have only the minimum level of access required for their tasks.
Examples:
- Granting a user access to view but not modify a file
- Limiting access to certain systems or networks based on job roles
- Denying access to restricted areas of a database
3. Accounting
Definition: Accounting refers to tracking and recording activities performed by users or systems within a network or application. It provides an audit trail to monitor usage and detect anomalies.
Key Concepts:
- Logs and Audits: Track user actions, such as login attempts, file access, or changes made.
- Compliance and Reporting: Helps organizations meet regulatory requirements (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
- Forensics: Assists in identifying malicious activities or breaches after they occur.
Examples:
- Logging when and where a user logs in
- Recording which files or systems were accessed
- Monitoring bandwidth or resource usage by specific devices or users
How the AAA Framework Works Together
- Authentication: A user proves their identity to the system.
- Authorization: The system checks what resources or actions the authenticated user is permitted to access.
- Accounting: The system records what the user does, when, and how, creating logs for tracking and accountability.
Applications of the AAA Framework
- Network Security: Implemented in protocols like RADIUS and TACACS+.
- Cloud Computing: Used for securing access to cloud-based applications and services.
- Enterprise IT: Enforced in corporate networks for managing employee access to resources.
- IoT and Smart Devices: Ensures secure communication and usage of connected devices.